Publications
BOOKS
Rethinking Feminist Phenomenology
Although feminist phenomenology is traditionally rooted in philosophy, the issues with which it engages sit at the margins of philosophy and a number of other disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. This interdisciplinarity is emphasized in the present collection. Rethinking Feminist Phenomenology focuses on emergent trends in feminist phenomenology from a range of both established and new scholars. It covers foundational feminist issues in phenomenology, feminist phenomenological methods, and applied phenomenological work in politics, ethics, and on the body.

The Grotesque Body: A Philosophical Inquiry into Bakhtin, Merleau-Ponty and Others.
This book attempts to reinvigorate Philosophy by reinstating the significance of the living, corporeal body. Delving into the notion of the grotesque, particularly through Bakhtin’s concept of the liberating grotesque carnival, Cohen Shabot illuminates philosophical frameworks that prioritize the embodied subject. The grotesque embodies various dichotomies: rational versus irrational, humorous versus terrifying, living versus deceased, creativity versus chaos. It is inherently absurd, corporeal, distorted, and excessive. The core of the book extensively examines Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy from a 'grotesque' standpoint, revealing it in a fresh perspective where abstract principles are rendered tangible through the lens of the grotesque. Merleau-Ponty's philosophy becomes central due to its profound engagement with the absence of the embodied subject in Philosophy and its pivotal role in reintegrating the body into philosophical discourse. The concluding section of the book facilitates a dialogue between Nietzsche’s philosophy and other post-human and post-feminist theories, intersecting them with the notion of the grotesque.

JOURNAL ARTICLES
Cohen Shabot, Sara and Dianna Taylor. 2024. “Rectal Examinations in Childbirth: Examining the Violence and Humiliation of a Silenced Practice.” Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1332/23986808Y2024D000000025

Cohen Shabot, Sara and Michelle Sadler. 2023. “’My Soul Hurt and I Felt as if I Was Going to Die: Obstetric Violence as Torture.” Hypatia, 38(3): 607-627. https://doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2023.72
Obstetric violence—violence in the labor room—has been described in terms not only of violence in general but of gender violence specifically. This feminist-phenomenological analysis demonstrates features that the experiences of torture and of obstetric violence share. Many birthing subjects describe their experiences of obstetric violence as torture. This use of the concept of torture to explain what they have gone through is not trivial and deserves philosophical attention. In this article, we give several examples (mainly from Chilean women's birth narratives), examining them through phenomenological and feminist phenomenological analyses of torture. We argue that, as with torture, it is not mere pain that marks the experience of obstetric violence, but rather a state of ontological loneliness and desolation, a detachment from the previous known world, and a loss of trust in those surrounding us. But if obstetric violence is gender violence, this must be gendered torture: it is perpetrated with the goal of humiliating and controlling women, of reifying them and robbing them of their free embodied subjectivities in labor.

Kubovski, Anna and Sara Cohen Shabot. 2023. “Experience of Menstruation with the Use of Reusable Menstrual Products: A Qualitative Study among Menstruators in Israel.” Culture, Health & Sexuality, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2023.2260465
Berzon, Corinne and Sara Cohen Shabot. 2023. “Obstetric Violence and Vulnerability: A Bioethical Approach.” International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, 16(1): 52-76. https://doi.org/10.3138/ijfab-16.2.02
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2022. “From Women's Sacrifice to Feminist Sacrifice: Medicalized Birth and ‘Natural’ Birth versus Woman-Centered Birth.” Interdisciplinary Journal for Religion and Transformation in Contemporary Society, 8(2): 416-434. https://doi.org/10.30965/23642807-bja10060
Dahan, Orli and Sara Cohen Shabot. 2022. “Not Just Mechanical Birthing Bodies: Articulating the Impact of Imbalanced Power Relationships in the Birth Arena on Women’s Subjectivity, Agency, and Consciousness.” Mind, Culture, and Activity, 29(3): 256-268. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2022.2110262
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2022. “Embracing Misfit Bodies: Reflecting on My Brother’s Dementia at Times of COVID.” PUNCTA Journal of Critical Phenomenology, 5(1). Special Issue: Pandemic Politics and Phenomenology. https://doi.org/10.5399/pjcp.v5i1.8
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2021. “On Motherhood as Ambiguity and Transcendence: Reevaluating Motherhood through the Beauvoirian Erotic.” Comparative and Continental Philosophy, 13(3): 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1080/17570638.2021.2002645
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2021. “‘You Are Not Qualified – Leave it to Us’ – Testimonial Injustice as Obstetric Violence.” Human Studies, 44: 635-653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-021-09596-1
This paper addresses epistemic aspects of the phenomenon of obstetric violence—which has been described as a kind of gender violence—mainly from the perspective of recent theories on epistemic injustice. I argue that what is behind the dismissal of women’s voices in labor is mainly how the birthing subject, in general, is conceived. Thus, I develop a link between the phenomenon of testimonial injustice in labor and the marked irrationality that is seen as a core characteristic of birthing subjects: an irrationality that appears to be always at odds with the kind of knowledge that is, wrongly, privileged within medicalized childbirth. I use Miranda Fricker’s analysis to argue that a central part of obstetric violence involves laboring women being “wrongfully undermined specifically in their capacity as knowers” (2007: 9): they are disbelieved in the labor room because of a double prejudice, one deriving simply from their condition as women, the second involving the kind of knowledge that many women find useful in the process of birthing. Women in labor thus suffer from both systematic and incidental kinds of testimonial injustice.
Glicklich, Or and Sara Cohen Shabot. 2021. “Perpetual Waiting: Analyzing Dieters’ Time in WW’s Instagram posts.” Fat Studies, 11(2): 184-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2021.1950307
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2021. “Why ‘Normal’ Feels so Bad: Violence and Vaginal Examinations during Labor – a Feminist Phenomenology”, Feminist Theory, 22 (3): 443-463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700120920764
In this article, I argue that many women lack the epistemic resources that would allow them to recognise the practice of vaginal examinations during childbirth as violent or as unnecessary and potentially declinable. I address vaginal examinations during childbirth as a special case of obstetric violence, in which women frequently lack the epistemic resources necessary to recognise the practice as violent not only because of the inherent difficulty of recognising violence that happens in an ‘essentially benevolent’ setting such as the medical one, but also, and mainly, due to the pervasive sexual reification of women under patriarchy and the pervasive shame to which women are subjected. My argument is that the practice of vaginal examinations is indeed experienced – bodily apprehended – as violent by many women, but that full epistemic recognition of this violence is frequently obstructed because the experience perfectly coincides with the normal phenomenological situation of women within patriarchy and thus cannot really be framed as violent. A phenomenological analysis presenting the embodied experience of women under patriarchy as always already essentially tied to sexual availability and commodification, and to shame, will explain this epistemological impairment. A phenomenological take on Judith Butler’s distinction between ‘recognition’ and ‘apprehension’ informs my analysis: I deploy it to provide a richer, more nuanced response to the question of why vaginal examinations are not fully recognised and expressed as violent – even when they are, frequently, apprehended as such. Furthermore, Butler’s ideas about the epistemic ‘framings’ through which we make sense of different kinds of lives (grievable versus ungrievable) will help me to explain how the patriarchal sexual reification of women in fact already frames sexual violence as not-violence – which ultimately also prevents labouring women (and obstetrics staff) from recognising vaginal examinations during labour as violence.
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2020. “We Birth with Others: Towards a Beauvoirian Understanding of Obstetric Violence.” European Journal of Women’s Studies, 28(2): 213-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506820919474
Santos, Mário JDS; Augusto, Amélia; Clausen, Jette A. and Sara Cohen Shabot. 2019. “Essentialism as a Form of Resistance: An Ethnography of Gender Dynamics in Contemporary Home Births.” Journal of Gender Studies, 28(8): 960-972. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2019.1650256
Cohen Shabot, Sara and Keshet Korem. 2018. “Domesticating Bodies: The Role of Shame in Obstetric Violence”. Hypatia, 33(3): 384-401. https://doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12428
Obstetric violence—violence in the labor room—has been described in terms not only of violence in general but specifically of gender violence. We offer a philosophical analysis of obstetric violence, focused on the central role of gendered shame for construing and perpetuating such violence. Gendered shame in labor derives both from the reifying gaze that transforms women's laboring bodies into dirty, overly sexual, and “not-feminine-enough” dysfunctional bodies and from a structural tendency to relate to laboring women mainly as mothers-to-be, from whom “good motherhood” is demanded. We show that women who desire a humane birth are thus easily made to feel ashamed of wanting to be respected and cared for as subjects, rather than caring exclusively for the baby's well-being as a good altruistic mother supposedly should. We explore how obstetric violence is perpetuated and expanded through shaming mechanisms that paralyze women, rendering them passive and barely able to face and fight against this violence. Gendered shame has a crucial role in returning women to “femininity” and construing them as “fit mothers.” To stand against gendered shame, to resist it, on the other hand, is to clearly challenge obstetric violence and its oppressive power.
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2017. “Fleshing Out the Ambiguous Body: J.M. Coetzee's 'The Humanities in Africa' as a Critique on Binary Conceptions of Embodiment.” Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 38(1): 67-87. https://doi.org/10.5250/fronjwomestud.38.1.0067
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2016. “Naming as Oppression and/or Liberation: A Feminist Reading of Triple Crónica de un Nombre.” Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research (JILAR), 22(2): 173-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/13260219.2016.1229809
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2016. “How 'Free' is Beauvoir's Freedom? Unchaining Beauvoir through the Erotic Body.” Feminist Theory, 17(3): 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700116666254
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2016. “Making Loud Bodies 'Feminine': A Feminist-Phenomenological Analysis of Obstetric Violence.” Human Studies, 39(2): 231-247. https://doi.10.1007/s10746-015-9369-x
Obstetric violence has been analyzed from various perspectives. Its psychological effects have been evaluated, and there have been several recent sociological and anthropological studies on the subject. But what I offer in this paper is a philosophical analysis of obstetric violence, particularly focused on how this violence is lived and experienced by women and why it is frequently described not only in terms of violence in general but specifically in terms of gender violence: as violence directed at women because they are women. For this purpose, I find feminist phenomenology most useful as a way to explain and account for the feelings that many victims of this violence experience and report, including feelings of embodied oppression, of the diminishment of self, of physical and emotional infantilization. I believe that the insights to be found in feminist phenomenology are crucial for explaining how and why this phenomenon is different in kind from other types of medical violence, objectification, and reification. Iris Marion Young’s description of feminine existence under patriarchy, as conformed by a perpetual oppressive “I cannot,” is at the center of my analysis. I argue that laboring bodies are at least potentially perceived as antithetical to the myth of femininity, undermining the feminine mode of bodily comportment under patriarchy and thereby seriously threatening the hegemonic powers. Violence, then, appears to be necessary in order to domesticate these bodies, to make them “feminine” again.
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2015. “Constructing Subjectivity through Labour Pain: A Beauvoirian Analysis.” European Journal of Women's Studies, 24(2): 128-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506815617792
Cohen Shabot, Sara. 2015. “Dogville or the Ambiguity of Oppression – a Beauvoirian Reading.” Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 26(3): 142-164. https://doi.org/10.1215/10407391-3340408
